Emulsions formed by pectin-GDL complexes within a W1/O/W2 structure displayed outstanding performance in preserving anthocyanins, making them a potential candidate for food 3D printing inks.
Jet milling is a prevalent method within the field of ultrafine powder creation. Never before has this been utilized in the development of delivery systems. While cannabidiol (CBD) is a key cannabinoid in hemp, its poor solubility in water has curtailed its use in various applications. biomarker screening This study, for the first time, combined solid dispersion (SD) with cyclodextrin complexation and jet milling to improve the solubility of CBD in solid dispersions. Jet milling CBD to create SD3 yielded comparable dispersion and complexation structures to those observed in spray-dried CBD SD2, a common solution-based technique, exceeding those seen in CBD SD1 produced by cogrinding. The water solubility of CBD in SD3 was augmented by 909-fold, resulting in a concentration of 20902 g/mL. Furthermore, the dispersion process augmented the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against tumor cells exhibited by CBD. Further development of jet milling, a novel, low-cost, and exceptionally applicable method, was suggested by this work for the delivery of food functional factors or bioactive molecules.
A study of mango active volatile components (VOCs)' effects on protein function was conducted, focusing on the implications for nutrient transport. Five mango cultivars underwent a headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analysis to isolate and characterize their active volatile components. biomarkers definition Fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation were instrumental in examining the interaction of active volatile components with three carrier proteins. TAK-242 molecular weight Seven active components were identified in the study of the five mango types. Among the aroma components, 1-caryophyllene and -pinene were chosen for a more detailed look. Proteins' interaction with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and small molecules is a static binding event, its main force being hydrophobic interaction. 1-Caryophyllene and -pinene demonstrated potent binding to -Lg, as evidenced by molecular simulation and spectral results, implying that mango VOCs might offer nutritional benefits in dairy products, thereby increasing their application scope in the food industry.
This research presents a novel 3D bio-printed liver lobule microtissue biosensor for expeditious aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) measurement. The combination of methylacylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) hydrogel, carbon nanotubes, and HepG2 cells serves to build liver lobule models. High-throughput and standardized 3D bio-printing processes are utilized to mimic organ morphology and induce the development of functional structures. Using electrochemical rapid detection, a 3D bio-printed liver lobule microtissue was immobilized on a screen-printed electrode, allowing for the detection of the mycotoxin by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A direct relationship exists between the DPV response and AFB1 concentration, within the interval of 0.01 to 35 g/mL. A linear detection range exists between 0.01 and 15 grams per milliliter, and the lowest quantifiable amount is calculated to be 0.0039 grams per milliliter. As a result, this research develops a unique method of detecting mycotoxins by employing 3D printing technology, which possesses high stability and reliable reproducibility. The field of food hazard detection and evaluation anticipates significant applications of this technology.
Investigating the effects of Levilactobacillus brevis on the fermentation pace and flavor profile of radish paocai was the goal of this study. In contrast to spontaneous fermentation, the radish paocai produced via inoculated fermentation, utilizing Levilactobacillus brevis PL6-1 as a starter, exhibited a more rapid sugar utilization and subsequent acid production, thereby accelerating the fermentation timeline. Regarding texture – hardness, chewiness, and springiness – the IF significantly exceeded the SF. Moreover, the IF paocai presented a higher lightness (L-value) in color assessment. L. brevis PL6-1, when used as a starter culture, has the potential to boost the final concentrations of mannitol (543 mg/g), lactic acid (54344 mg/100 g), and acetic acid (8779 mg/100 g) in the end products. Eight VOCs, determined from the fifteen volatile organic compounds identified as key aroma-active components in radish paocai, are suggested as possible markers. The L. brevis PL6-1 strain possesses the potential to enhance the concentrations of 18-cineole, 1-hexanol, hexanoic acid, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, and eugenol, thereby endowing the radish paocai with a floral, sweet, and tangy aroma profile, while mitigating the off-putting scent associated with garlic, onion, and their pungent compounds, such as erucin, diallyl disulfide, and allyl trisulfide. The sensory panel found the IF paocai exhibited greater desirability in its visual appeal, taste perception, textural characteristics, and consumer satisfaction than the SF paocai. As a result, L. brevis PL6-1 has the potential to function as a prime starter culture to augment the flavor and sensory attributes of radish paocai fermentation.
In the Smilacaceae family, Smilax brasiliensis Sprengel is a monocotyledon indigenous to the Brazilian Cerrado, popularly known as salsaparrilha or japecanga. The stems' ethanol extract (EE) and hexane (HEXF), dichloromethane (DCMF), ethyl acetate (ACF), and hydroethanol (HEF) fractions were isolated in this study. Following the determination of chemical composition, the contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were quantified, and the antioxidant potential and cytotoxic effect on Artemia salina were assessed. GC-MS analysis of HEXF indicated the presence of fatty acid esters, hydrocarbons, and phytosterols as components. The chemical characterization of EE, DCMF, ACF, and HEF, conducted by LC-DAD-MS analysis, identified a diverse range of constituents. Glycosylated flavonoids, including rutin, 3-O-galactopyranosyl quercetin, 3-O-glucopyranosyl quercetin, O-deoxyhexosyl-hexosyl quercetin, O-deoxyhexosyl-hexosyl kaempferol, O-deoxyhexosyl-hexosyl O-methyl quercetin, and others were detected. Also present were non-glycosylated quercetin, phenylpropanoids (3-O-E-caffeoyl quinic acid, 5-O-E-caffeoyl quinic acid, O-caffeoyl shikimic acid, and more), neolignan, steroidal saponin (dioscin), and N-feruloyltyramine. Across the samples of EE, DCMF, and ACF, phenolic compound totals were exceptionally high (11299, 17571, and 52402 g of GAE/mg, respectively), while ACF and DCMF also showed high concentrations of flavonoids (5008 and 3149 g of QE/mg, respectively). The EE, DCMF, ACF, and HEF displayed impressive antioxidant properties, quantified using the DPPH (IC50 171 – 3283 g/mL) and FRAP (IC50 063 – 671 g/mL) assays. The cytotoxic potency of DCMF on *A. salina* reached a peak of 60%, with a corresponding LC50 value of 85617 grams per milliliter. This research on S. brasiliensis phytochemicals is strengthened by the unprecedented identification of these compounds in the stems of this plant. S. brasiliensis stems proved to be a rich reservoir of polyphenol compounds, showcasing a strong antioxidant capability without any harmful effects. Finally, food supplements or natural antioxidants in the food processing sector can leverage the *S. brasiliensis* stem's extracted fractions.
Animal welfare, human health, and sustainability are interconnected factors, which have a broad impact on mankind's well-being. The growing demand for animal-based foods, specifically fish and seafood, has put immense pressure on the ecosystem, resulting in a surge in greenhouse gas emissions, a devastating loss of biodiversity, the proliferation of diseases, and the bioaccumulation of harmful toxic metals in fish, as a result of the contamination of water sources. This has resulted in a heightened awareness among consumers, encouraging them to turn to seafood alternatives for a sustainable future. Consumer willingness to move away from traditional seafood to a safer and more sustainable seafood alternative is yet to be firmly established. This inspires an exhaustive study of the breadth of seafood alternatives, concerning consumer food preferences. This study analyzes seafood alternative development, emphasizing nutritional perspectives and technological approaches, and providing insights into the future of environmental sustainability.
A reduction in temperature can affect how resistant pathogenic bacteria are to other external stressors. A low-temperature investigation into the tolerance of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157H7 to acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) was the focus of this study. AEW treatment's detrimental effect on pathogenic bacteria began with cellular membrane damage, leading to protein leakage and irreparable DNA damage. In contrast to pathogenic bacteria grown at 37 degrees Celsius (pure culture), L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157H7 cells cultivated at lower temperatures exhibited less cellular damage and a higher survival rate when subjected to AEW treatment. Accordingly, bacteria cultured at 4°C or 10°C displayed lower susceptibility to AEW, in contrast to the 37°C culture. The observed phenomenon of AEW's effectiveness against inoculated pathogenic bacteria in salmon was experimentally confirmed. Furthermore, transcriptomic sequencing, specifically RNA-seq, was employed to elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of L. monocytogenes tolerance to AEW under conditions of low-temperature stress. Analysis of the transcriptome highlighted the participation of cold shock protein expression, DNA-templated transcription regulation, ribosome pathway, phosphotransferase system (PTS), bacterial chemotaxis, SOS response, and DNA repair in conferring resistance to AEW in L. monocytogenes. We hypothesized that directly altering the production of cold shock protein CspD, or indirectly influencing its production through the suppression of Crp/Fnr family transcriptional regulators or the elevation of cAMP levels via PTS modulation, might lessen the resistance of L. monocytogenes cultured at 4°C to AEW. This investigation contributes to understanding and overcoming the decreased bacteriostatic effect within cold storage.